Forms

Examples and usage guidelines for form control styles, layout options, and custom components for creating a wide variety of forms.

Overview

Space customizes Bootstrap's forms, adds some styles to them along with hs.focus-state.js library that adds .u-focus-state classes to control states in various situations.

Example with focus state

HTML:

            
              <div class="js-focus-state input-group form">
                <div class="input-group-prepend form__prepend">
                  <span class="input-group-text form__text">
                    <span class="fa fa-user form__text-inner"></span>
                  </span>
                </div>
                <input type="email" class="form-control form__input" name="email" required
                       placeholder="Email"
                       aria-label="Email"
                       data-msg="Please enter a valid email address."
                       data-error-class="u-has-error"
                       data-success-class="u-has-success">
              </div>
            
          

JS library and initialization:

            
              <!-- JS Space -->
              <script src="../../assets/js/helpers/hs.focus-state.js"></script>

              <!-- JS Plugins Init. -->
              <script>
                $(document).on('ready', function () {
                  // initialization of forms
                  $.HSCore.helpers.HSFocusState.init();
                });
              </script>
            
          

Borderless form

            
              <form class="js-validate js-form-message">
                <div class="js-focus-state input-group input-group-lg form form--lg form--no-brd">
                  <input type="email" class="form-control form__input" required
                         placeholder="Enter your email address"
                         aria-label="Enter your email address">
                  <span class="input-group-append form__append">
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-light">
                      <span class="fas fa-paper-plane"></span>
                    </button>
                  </span>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Helpers

Bootstrap forms overview

Space's form controls expand on Bootstrap's Rebooted form styles with classes. Use these classes to opt into their customized displays for a more consistent rendering across browsers and devices.

Be sure to use an appropriate type attribute on all inputs (e.g., email for email address or number for numerical information) to take advantage of newer input controls like email verification, number selection, and more.

Here's a quick example to demonstrate Space's form styles. Keep reading for documentation on required classes, form layout, and more.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
                  <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" aria-describedby="emailHelp" placeholder="Enter email" />
                  <small id="emailHelp" class="form-text text-muted">We'll never share your email with anyone else.</small>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
                  <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password" />
                </div>
                <div class="form-group form-check">
                  <input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="exampleCheck1" />
                  <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleCheck1">Check me out</label>
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
              </form>
            
          

Form Controls

Textual form controls—like <input>s, <select>s, and <textarea>s—are styled with the .form-control class. Included are styles for general appearance, focus state, sizing, and more.

Be sure to explore our custom forms to further style <select>s.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="exampleFormControlInput1">Email address</label>
                  <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlInput1" placeholder="name@example.com" />
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="exampleFormControlSelect1">Example select</label>
                  <select class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlSelect1">
                    <option>1</option>
                    <option>2</option>
                    <option>3</option>
                    <option>4</option>
                    <option>5</option>
                  </select>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="exampleFormControlSelect2">Example multiple select</label>
                  <select multiple="" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlSelect2">
                    <option>1</option>
                    <option>2</option>
                    <option>3</option>
                    <option>4</option>
                    <option>5</option>
                  </select>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="exampleFormControlTextarea1">Example textarea</label>
                  <textarea class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlTextarea1" rows="3"></textarea>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

For file inputs, Space the .form-control for .form-control-file.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="exampleFormControlFile1">Example file input</label>
                  <input type="file" class="form-control-file" id="exampleFormControlFile1" />
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Sizing

Set heights using classes like .form-control-lg and .form-control-sm.

            
              <input class="form-control form-control-lg" type="text" placeholder=".form-control-lg" />
              <input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Default input" />
              <input class="form-control form-control-sm" type="text" placeholder=".form-control-sm" />
            
          

            
              <select class="form-control form-control-lg">
                <option>Large select</option>
              </select>
              <select class="form-control">
                <option>Default select</option>
              </select>
              <select class="form-control form-control-sm">
                <option>Small select</option>
              </select>
            
          

Range Inputs

Set horizontally scrollable range inputs using .form-control-range.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="formControlRange">Example Range input</label>
                  <input type="range" class="form-control-range" id="formControlRange" />
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Readonly

Add the readonly boolean attribute on an input to prevent modification of the input's value. Read-only inputs appear lighter (just like disabled inputs), but retain the standard cursor.

            
              <input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Readonly input here…" readonly="" />
            
          

Readonly plain text

If you want to have <input readonly> elements in your form styled as plain text, use the .form-control-plaintext class to remove the default form field styling and preserve the correct margin and padding.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-group row">
                  <label for="staticEmail" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
                  <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="text" readonly="" class="form-control-plaintext" id="staticEmail" value="email@example.com" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group row">
                  <label for="inputPassword" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
                  <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password" />
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

            
              <form class="form-inline">
                <div class="form-group mb-2">
                  <label for="staticEmail2" class="sr-only">Email</label>
                  <input type="text" readonly="" class="form-control-plaintext" id="staticEmail2" value="email@example.com" />
                </div>
                <div class="form-group mx-sm-3 mb-2">
                  <label for="inputPassword2" class="sr-only">Password</label>
                  <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword2" placeholder="Password" />
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Confirm identity</button>
              </form>
            
          

Checkboxes and radios

Default checkboxes and radios are improved upon with the help of .form-check, a single class for both input types that improves the layout and behavior of their HTML elements. Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list, while radios are for selecting one option from many.

Disabled checkboxes and radios are supported, but to provide a not-allowed cursor on hover of the parent <label>, you'll need to add the disabled attribute to the .form-check-input. The disabled attribute will apply a lighter color to help indicate the input's state.

Checkboxes and radios use are built to support HTML-based form validation and provide concise, accessible labels. As such, our <input>s and <label>s are sibling elements as opposed to an <input> within a <label>. This is slightly more verbose as you must specify id and for attributes to relate the <input> and <label>.

Default (stacked)

By default, any number of checkboxes and radios that are immediate sibling will be vertically stacked and appropriately spaced with .form-check.

            
              <div class="form-check">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="defaultCheck1" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="defaultCheck1">
                  Default checkbox
                </label>
              </div>
              <div class="form-check">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="defaultCheck2" disabled="" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="defaultCheck2">
                  Disabled checkbox
                </label>
              </div>
            
          

            
              <div class="form-check">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios1" value="option1" checked="" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios1">
                  Default radio
                </label>
              </div>
              <div class="form-check">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios2" value="option2" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios2">
                  Second default radio
                </label>
              </div>
              <div class="form-check disabled">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios3" value="option3" disabled="" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios3">
                  Disabled radio
                </label>
              </div>
            
          

Inline

Group checkboxes or radios on the same horizontal row by adding .form-check-inline to any .form-check.

            
              <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox1" value="option1" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineCheckbox1">1</label>
              </div>
              <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox2" value="option2" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineCheckbox2">2</label>
              </div>
              <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox3" value="option3" disabled="" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineCheckbox3">3 (disabled)</label>
              </div>
            
          

            
              <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio1" value="option1" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineRadio1">1</label>
              </div>
              <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio2" value="option2" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineRadio2">2</label>
              </div>
              <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio3" value="option3" disabled="" />
                <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineRadio3">3 (disabled)</label>
              </div>
            
          

Without labels

Add .position-static to inputs within .form-check that don't have any label text. Remember to still provide some form of label for assistive technologies (for instance, using aria-label).

            
              <div class="form-check">
                <input class="form-check-input position-static" type="checkbox" id="blankCheckbox" value="option1" aria-label="..." />
              </div>
              <div class="form-check">
                <input class="form-check-input position-static" type="radio" name="blankRadio" id="blankRadio1" value="option1" aria-label="..." />
              </div>
            
          

Layout

Since Bootstrap applies display: block and width: 100% to almost all our form controls, forms will by default stack vertically. Additional classes can be used to vary this layout on a per-form basis.

Form groups

The .form-group class is the easiest way to add some structure to forms. It provides a flexible class that encourages proper grouping of labels, controls, optional help text, and form validation messaging. By default it only applies margin-bottom, but it picks up additional styles in .form-inline as needed. Use it with <fieldset>s, <div>s, or nearly any other element.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="formGroupExampleInput">Example label</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput" placeholder="Example input" />
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="formGroupExampleInput2">Another label</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput2" placeholder="Another input" />
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Form grid

More complex forms can be built using our grid classes. Use these for form layouts that require multiple columns, varied widths, and additional alignment options.

            
              <form>
                <div class="row">
                  <div class="col">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="First name" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Last name" />
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Form row

You may also Space .row for .form-row, a variation of our standard grid row that overrides the default column gutters for tighter and more compact layouts.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="First name" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Last name" />
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

More complex layouts can also be created with the grid system.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="inputEmail4">Email</label>
                    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail4" placeholder="Email" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="inputPassword4">Password</label>
                    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword4" placeholder="Password" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="inputAddress">Address</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress" placeholder="1234 Main St" />
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="inputAddress2">Address 2</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress2" placeholder="Apartment, studio, or floor" />
                </div>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="form-group col-md-6">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="inputCity">City</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputCity" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="form-group col-md-4">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="inputState">State</label>
                    <select id="inputState" class="form-control">
                      <option selected="">Choose...</option>
                      <option>...</option>
                    </select>
                  </div>
                  <div class="form-group col-md-2">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="inputZip">Zip</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputZip" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck" />
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck">
                      Check me out
                    </label>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
              </form>
            
          

Horizontal form

Create horizontal forms with the grid by adding the .row class to form groups and using the .col-*-* classes to specify the width of your labels and controls. Be sure to add .col-form-label to your <label>s as well so they're vertically centered with their associated form controls.

At times, you maybe need to use margin or padding utilities to create that perfect alignment you need. For example, we've removed the padding-top on our stacked radio inputs label to better align the text baseline.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-group row">
                  <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
                  <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group row">
                  <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
                  <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <fieldset class="form-group">
                  <div class="row">
                    <legend class="col-form-label col-sm-2 pt-0">Radios</legend>
                    <div class="col-sm-10">
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios1" value="option1" checked="" />
                        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios1">
                          First radio
                        </label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios2" value="option2" />
                        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios2">
                          Second radio
                        </label>
                      </div>
                      <div class="form-check disabled">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios3" value="option3" disabled="" />
                        <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios3">
                          Third disabled radio
                        </label>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </fieldset>
                <div class="form-group row">
                  <div class="col-sm-2">Checkbox</div>
                  <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <div class="form-check">
                      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck1" />
                      <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck1">
                        Example checkbox
                      </label>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group row">
                  <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Horizontal form label sizing

Be sure to use .col-form-label-sm or .col-form-label-lg to your <label>s or <legend>s to correctly follow the size of .form-control-lg and .form-control-sm.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-group row">
                  <label for="colFormLabelSm" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-sm">Email</label>
                  <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="email" class="form-control form-control-sm" id="colFormLabelSm" placeholder="col-form-label-sm" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group row">
                  <label for="colFormLabel" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
                  <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="colFormLabel" placeholder="col-form-label" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group row">
                  <label for="colFormLabelLg" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-lg">Email</label>
                  <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="colFormLabelLg" placeholder="col-form-label-lg" />
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Column sizing

As shown in the previous examples, our grid system allows you to place any number of .cols within a .row or .form-row. They'll split the available width equally between them. You may also pick a subset of your columns to take up more or less space, while the remaining .cols equally split the rest, with specific column classes like .col-7.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col-7">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="City" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="State" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Zip" />
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Auto-sizing

The example below uses a flexbox utility to vertically center the contents and changes .col to .col-auto so that your columns only take up as much space as needed. Put another way, the column sizes itself based on the contents.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-row align-items-center">
                  <div class="col-auto">
                    <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInput">Name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control mb-2" id="inlineFormInput" placeholder="Jane Doe" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-auto">
                    <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputGroup">Username</label>
                    <div class="input-group mb-2">
                      <div class="input-group-prepend">
                        <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
                      </div>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroup" placeholder="Username" />
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-auto">
                    <div class="form-check mb-2">
                      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck" />
                      <label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck">
                        Remember me
                      </label>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-auto">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Submit</button>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

You can then remix that once again with size-specific column classes.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-row align-items-center">
                  <div class="col-sm-3 my-1">
                    <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputName">Name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputName" placeholder="Jane Doe" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-sm-3 my-1">
                    <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
                    <div class="input-group">
                      <div class="input-group-prepend">
                        <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
                      </div>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername" placeholder="Username" />
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-auto my-1">
                    <div class="form-check">
                      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck2" />
                      <label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck2">
                        Remember me
                      </label>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-auto my-1">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

And of course custom form controls are supported.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-row align-items-center">
                  <div class="col-auto my-1">
                    <label class="mr-sm-2" for="inlineFormCustomSelect">Preference</label>
                    <select class="custom-select mr-sm-2" id="inlineFormCustomSelect">
                      <option selected="">Choose...</option>
                      <option value="1">One</option>
                      <option value="2">Two</option>
                      <option value="3">Three</option>
                    </select>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-auto my-1">
                    <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox mr-sm-2">
                      <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlAutosizing" />
                      <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlAutosizing">Remember my preference</label>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-auto my-1">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Inline forms

Use the .form-inline class to display a series of labels, form controls, and buttons on a single horizontal row. Form controls within inline forms vary slightly from their default states.

• Controls are display: flex, collapsing any HTML white space and allowing you to provide alignment control with spacing and flexbox utilities.
• Controls and input groups receive width: auto to override the Bootstrap default width: 100%.
• Controls only appear inline in viewports that are at least 576px wide to account for narrow viewports on mobile devices.

You may need to manually address the width and alignment of individual form controls with spacing utilities (as shown below). Lastly, be sure to always include a <label> with each form control, even if you need to hide it from non-screenreader visitors with .sr-only.

            
              <form class="form-inline">
                <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputName2">Name</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control mb-2 mr-sm-2" id="inlineFormInputName2" placeholder="Jane Doe" />

                <label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername2">Username</label>
                <div class="input-group mb-2 mr-sm-2">
                  <div class="input-group-prepend">
                    <div class="input-group-text">@</div>
                  </div>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername2" placeholder="Username" />
                </div>

                <div class="form-check mb-2 mr-sm-2">
                  <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineFormCheck" />
                  <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineFormCheck">
                    Remember me
                  </label>
                </div>

                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Submit</button>
              </form>
            
          

Custom form controls and selects are also supported.

            
              <form class="form-inline">
                <label class="my-1 mr-2" for="inlineFormCustomSelectPref">Preference</label>
                <select class="custom-select my-1 mr-sm-2" id="inlineFormCustomSelectPref">
                  <option selected="">Choose...</option>
                  <option value="1">One</option>
                  <option value="2">Two</option>
                  <option value="3">Three</option>
                </select>

                <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox my-1 mr-sm-2">
                  <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlInline" />
                  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlInline">Remember my preference</label>
                </div>

                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary my-1">Submit</button>
              </form>
            
          

Help text

Block-level help text in forms can be created using .form-text. Inline help text can be flexibly implemented using any inline HTML element and utility classes like .text-muted.

Help text below inputs can be styled with .form-text. This class includes display: block and adds some top margin for easy spacing from the inputs above.

            
              <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="inputPassword5">Password</label>
              <input type="password" id="inputPassword5" class="form-control" aria-describedby="passwordHelpBlock" />
              <small id="passwordHelpBlock" class="form-text text-muted">
                Your password must be 8-20 characters long, contain letters and numbers, and must not contain spaces, special characters, or emoji.
              </small>
            
          

Inline text can use any typical inline HTML element (be it a <small>, <span>, or something else) with nothing more than a utility class.

              
                <form class="form-inline">
                  <div class="form-group">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="inputPassword6">Password</label>
                    <input type="password" id="inputPassword6" class="form-control mx-sm-3" aria-describedby="passwordHelpInline" />
                    <small id="passwordHelpInline" class="text-muted">
                      Must be 8-20 characters long.
                    </small>
                  </div>
                </form>
              
            

Disabled forms

Add the disabled boolean attribute on an input to prevent user interactions and make it appear lighter.

            
              <input class="form-control" id="disabledInput" type="text" placeholder="Disabled input here..." disabled>
            
          

Add the disabled attribute to a <fieldset> to disable all the controls within.

            
              <form>
                <fieldset disabled="">
                  <div class="form-group">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="disabledTextInput">Disabled input</label>
                    <input type="text" id="disabledTextInput" class="form-control" placeholder="Disabled input" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="form-group">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="disabledSelect">Disabled select menu</label>
                    <select id="disabledSelect" class="form-control">
                      <option>Disabled select</option>
                    </select>
                  </div>
                  <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="disabledFieldsetCheck" disabled="" />
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="disabledFieldsetCheck">
                      Can't check this
                    </label>
                  </div>
                  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
                </fieldset>
              </form>
            
          

Validation

Provide valuable, actionable feedback to your users with HTML5 form validation–available in all our supported browsers. Choose from the browser default validation feedback, or implement custom messages with our built-in classes and starter JavaScript.

How it works

Here's how form validation works with Bootstrap:

• HTML form validation is applied via CSS's two pseudo-classes, :invalid and :valid. It applies to <input>, <select>, and <textarea> elements.
• Bootstrap scopes the :invalid and :valid styles to parent .was-validated class, usually applied to the <form>. Otherwise, any required field without a value shows up as invalid on page load. This way, you may choose when to activate them (typically after form submission is attempted).
• To reset the appearance of the form (for instance, in the case of dynamic form submissions using AJAX), remove the .was-validated class from the <form> again after submission.
• As a fallback, .is-invalid and .is-valid classes may be used instead of the pseudo-classes for server side validation. They do not require a .was-validated parent class.
• Due to constraints in how CSS works, we cannot (at present) apply styles to a <label> that comes before a form control in the DOM without the help of custom JavaScript.
• All modern browsers support the constraint validation API, a series of JavaScript methods for validating form controls.
• Feedback messages may utilize the browser defaults (different for each browser, and unstylable via CSS) or our custom feedback styles with additional HTML and CSS.
• You may provide custom validity messages with setCustomValidity in JavaScript.

With that in mind, consider the following demos for our custom form validation styles, optional server side classes, and browser defaults.

Custom styles

For custom Bootstrap form validation messages, you'll need to add the novalidate boolean attribute to your <form>. This disables the browser default feedback tooltips, but still provides access to the form validation APIs in JavaScript. Try to submit the form below; our JavaScript will intercept the submit button and relay feedback to you.

When attempting to submit, you'll see the :invalid and :valid styles applied to your form controls.

            
              <form class="needs-validation" novalidate="">
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationCustom01">First name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom01" placeholder="First name" value="Mark" required="" />
                    <div class="valid-feedback">
                      Looks good!
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationCustom02">Last name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom02" placeholder="Last name" value="Otto" required="" />
                    <div class="valid-feedback">
                      Looks good!
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationCustomUsername">Username</label>
                    <div class="input-group">
                      <div class="input-group-prepend">
                        <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
                      </div>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustomUsername" placeholder="Username" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend" required="" />
                      <div class="invalid-feedback">
                        Please choose a username.
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationCustom03">City</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" placeholder="City" required="" />
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                      Please provide a valid city.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationCustom04">State</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom04" placeholder="State" required="" />
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                      Please provide a valid state.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationCustom05">Zip</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" placeholder="Zip" required="" />
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                      Please provide a valid zip.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck" required="" />
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
                      Agree to terms and conditions
                    </label>
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                      You must agree before submitting.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
              </form>

              <script>
                // Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields
                (function() {
                  'use strict';
                  window.addEventListener('load', function() {
                    // Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to
                    var forms = document.getElementsByClassName('needs-validation');
                    // Loop over them and prevent submission
                    var validation = Array.prototype.filter.call(forms, function(form) {
                      form.addEventListener('submit', function(event) {
                        if (form.checkValidity() === false) {
                          event.preventDefault();
                          event.stopPropagation();
                        }
                        form.classList.add('was-validated');
                      }, false);
                    });
                  }, false);
                })();
              </script>
            
          

Browser defaults

Not interested in custom validation feedback messages or writing JavaScript to change form behaviors? All good, you can use the browser defaults. Try submitting the form below. Depending on your browser and OS, you'll see a slightly different style of feedback.

While these feedback styles cannot be styled with CSS, you can still customize the feedback text through JavaScript.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationDefault01">First name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault01" placeholder="First name" value="Mark" required="" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationDefault02">Last name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault02" placeholder="Last name" value="Otto" required="" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationDefaultUsername">Username</label>
                    <div class="input-group">
                      <div class="input-group-prepend">
                        <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend2">@</span>
                      </div>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefaultUsername" placeholder="Username" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend2" required="" />
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationDefault03">City</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault03" placeholder="City" required="" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationDefault04">State</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault04" placeholder="State" required="" />
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationDefault05">Zip</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault05" placeholder="Zip" required="" />
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck2" required="" />
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck2">
                      Agree to terms and conditions
                    </label>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
              </form>
            
          

Server side

Bootstrap recommends using client side validation, but in case you require server side, you can indicate invalid and valid form fields with .is-invalid and .is-valid. Note that .invalid-feedback is also supported with these classes.

            
              <form>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationServer01">First name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer01" placeholder="First name" value="Mark" required="" />
                    <div class="valid-feedback">
                      Looks good!
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationServer02">Last name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer02" placeholder="Last name" value="Otto" required="" />
                    <div class="valid-feedback">
                      Looks good!
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationServerUsername">Username</label>
                    <div class="input-group">
                      <div class="input-group-prepend">
                        <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend3">@</span>
                      </div>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServerUsername" placeholder="Username" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend3" required="" />
                      <div class="invalid-feedback">
                        Please choose a username.
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationServer03">City</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer03" placeholder="City" required="" />
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                      Please provide a valid city.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationServer04">State</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer04" placeholder="State" required="" />
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                      Please provide a valid state.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationServer05">Zip</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer05" placeholder="Zip" required="" />
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                      Please provide a valid zip.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  <div class="form-check">
                    <input class="form-check-input is-invalid" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck3" required="" />
                    <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck3">
                      Agree to terms and conditions
                    </label>
                    <div class="invalid-feedback">
                      You must agree before submitting.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
              </form>
            
          

Supported elements

Our example forms show native textual <input>s above, but form validation styles are available for our custom form controls, too.

            
              <form class="was-validated">
                <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox mb-3">
                  <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlValidation1" required="" />
                  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlValidation1">Check this custom checkbox</label>
                  <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid feedback text</div>
                </div>

                <div class="custom-control custom-radio">
                  <input type="radio" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlValidation2" name="radio-stacked" required="" />
                  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlValidation2">Toggle this custom radio</label>
                </div>
                <div class="custom-control custom-radio mb-3">
                  <input type="radio" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlValidation3" name="radio-stacked" required="" />
                  <label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlValidation3">Or toggle this other custom radio</label>
                  <div class="invalid-feedback">More example invalid feedback text</div>
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                  <select class="custom-select" required="">
                    <option value="">Open this select menu</option>
                    <option value="1">One</option>
                    <option value="2">Two</option>
                    <option value="3">Three</option>
                  </select>
                  <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid custom select feedback</div>
                </div>

                <div class="custom-file">
                  <input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="validatedCustomFile" required="" />
                  <label class="custom-file-label" for="validatedCustomFile">Choose file...</label>
                  <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid custom file feedback</div>
                </div>
              </form>
            
          

Tooltips

If your form layout allows it, you can Space the .{valid|invalid}-feedback classes for .{valid|invalid}-tooltip classes to display validation feedback in a styled tooltip. Be sure to have a parent with position: relative on it for tooltip positioning. In the example below, our column classes have this already, but your project may require an alternative setup.

            
              <form class="needs-validation" novalidate="">
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationTooltip01">First name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip01" placeholder="First name" value="Mark" required="" />
                    <div class="valid-tooltip">
                      Looks good!
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationTooltip02">Last name</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip02" placeholder="Last name" value="Otto" required="" />
                    <div class="valid-tooltip">
                      Looks good!
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationTooltipUsername">Username</label>
                    <div class="input-group">
                      <div class="input-group-prepend">
                        <span class="input-group-text" id="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend">@</span>
                      </div>
                      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltipUsername" placeholder="Username" aria-describedby="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend" required="" />
                      <div class="invalid-tooltip">
                        Please choose a unique and valid username.
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-row">
                  <div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationTooltip03">City</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip03" placeholder="City" required="" />
                    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
                      Please provide a valid city.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationTooltip04">State</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip04" placeholder="State" required="" />
                    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
                      Please provide a valid state.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
                    <label class="h6 small d-block text-uppercase" for="validationTooltip05">Zip</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip05" placeholder="Zip" required="" />
                    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
                      Please provide a valid zip.
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
              </form>
            
          

Custom forms

For even more customization and cross browser consistency, use Bootstrap's completely custom form elements to replace the browser defaults. They're built on top of semantic and accessible markup, so they're solid replacements for any default form control.

Checkboxes and radios

Each checkbox and radio is wrapped in a <div> with a sibling <span> to create our custom control and a <label> for the accompanying text. Structurally, this is the same approach as our default .form-check.

We use the sibling selector (~) for all our <input> states—like :checked—to properly style our custom form indicator. When combined with the .custom-control-label class, we can also style the text for each item based on the <input>'s state.

We hide the default <input> with opacity and use the .custom-control-label to build a new custom form indicator in its place with ::before and ::after. Unfortunately we can't build a custom one from just the <input> because CSS's content doesn't work on that element.

In the checked states, Bootstrap uses base64 embedded SVG icons from Open Iconic. This provides us the best control for styling and positioning across browsers and devices.

Checkboxes

            
              <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox">
                <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customCheck1" />
                <label class="custom-control-label" for="customCheck1">Check this custom checkbox</label>
              </div>
            
          

Custom checkboxes can also utilize the :indeterminate pseudo class when manually set via JavaScript (there is no available HTML attribute for specifying it).

If you're using jQuery, something like this should suffice:

            
              $('.your-checkbox').prop('indeterminate', true)
            
          

Radios

            
              <div class="custom-control custom-radio">
                <input type="radio" id="customRadio1" name="customRadio" class="custom-control-input" />
                <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadio1">Toggle this custom radio</label>
              </div>
              <div class="custom-control custom-radio">
                <input type="radio" id="customRadio2" name="customRadio" class="custom-control-input" />
                <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadio2">Or toggle this other custom radio</label>
              </div>
            
          

Inline

            
              <div class="custom-control custom-radio custom-control-inline">
                <input type="radio" id="customRadioInline1" name="customRadioInline1" class="custom-control-input" />
                <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadioInline1">Toggle this custom radio</label>
              </div>
              <div class="custom-control custom-radio custom-control-inline">
                <input type="radio" id="customRadioInline2" name="customRadioInline1" class="custom-control-input" />
                <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadioInline2">Or toggle this other custom radio</label>
              </div>
            
          

Disabled

Custom checkboxes and radios can also be disabled. Add the disabled boolean attribute to the <input> and the custom indicator and label description will be automatically styled.

            
              <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox">
                <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customCheckDisabled" disabled="" />
                <label class="custom-control-label" for="customCheckDisabled">Check this custom checkbox</label>
              </div>

              <div class="custom-control custom-radio">
                <input type="radio" id="customRadioDisabled" name="radioDisabled" class="custom-control-input" disabled="" />
                <label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadioDisabled">Toggle this custom radio</label>
              </div>
            
          

Switches

A switch has the markup of a custom checkbox but uses the .custom-switch class to render a toggle switch. Switches also support the disabled attribute.

            
              <div class="custom-control custom-switch">
                <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customSwitch1">
                <label class="custom-control-label" for="customSwitch1">Toggle this switch element</label>
              </div>
              <div class="custom-control custom-switch">
                <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" disabled id="customSwitch2">
                <label class="custom-control-label" for="customSwitch2">Disabled switch element</label>
              </div>
            
          

Select menu

Custom <select> menus need only a custom class, .custom-select to trigger the custom styles.

            
              <select class="custom-select">
                <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
                <option value="1">One</option>
                <option value="2">Two</option>
                <option value="3">Three</option>
              </select>
            
          

You may also choose from small and large custom selects to match our similarly sized text inputs.

            
              <select class="custom-select custom-select-lg mb-3">
                <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
                <option value="1">One</option>
                <option value="2">Two</option>
                <option value="3">Three</option>
              </select>

              <select class="custom-select custom-select-sm">
                <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
                <option value="1">One</option>
                <option value="2">Two</option>
                <option value="3">Three</option>
              </select>
            
          

The multiple attribute is also supported:

            
              <select class="custom-select" multiple="">
                <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
                <option value="1">One</option>
                <option value="2">Two</option>
                <option value="3">Three</option>
              </select>
            
          

As is the size attribute:

            
              <select class="custom-select" size="3">
                <option selected="">Open this select menu</option>
                <option value="1">One</option>
                <option value="2">Two</option>
                <option value="3">Three</option>
              </select>
            
          

Range

Create custom <input type="range"> controls with .custom-range. The track (the background) and thumb (the value) are both styled to appear the same across browsers. As only IE and Firefox support "filling" their track from the left or right of the thumb as a means to visually indicate progress, we do not currently support it.

            
              <label for="customRange1">Example range</label>
              <input type="range" class="custom-range" id="customRange1" />
            
          

Range inputs have implicit values for min and max—0 and 100, respectively. You may specify new values for those using the min and max attributes.

            
              <label for="customRange2">Example range</label>
              <input type="range" class="custom-range" min="0" max="5" id="customRange2" />
            
          

By default, range inputs "snap" to integer values. To change this, you can specify a step value. In the example below, we double the number of steps by using step="0.5".

            
              <label for="customRange3">Example range</label>
              <input type="range" class="custom-range" min="0" max="5" step="0.5" id="customRange3" />
            
          

File browser

The file input is the most gnarly of the bunch and requires additional JavaScript if you'd like to hook them up with functional Choose file… and selected file name text.

            
              <div class="custom-file">
                <input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="customFile" />
                <label class="custom-file-label" for="customFile">Choose file</label>
              </div>
            
          

Bootstrap hides the default file <input> via opacity and instead style the <label>. The button is generated and positioned with ::after. Lastly, they declare a width and height on the <input> for proper spacing for surrounding content.